The compare analysis of Ag/Ab and Ab detection methods used in laboratory diagnostic of HIV infection

Author: Salome Shugladze
Keywords: AIDS, HIV infection, ELISA
Annotation:

Introduction: HIV/ AIDS IS one of the main problems of the modern medicine. As of 2011 approximately 34 million people have HIV worldwide. Of these, approximately 17.2 million are men, 16.8 million are women and 3.4 million are less than 15 years old. There were about 1.8 million deaths from AIDS in 2010, down from 2.2 million in 2005. According the dates of the center of Infectious Disease, AIDS & Clinical Immunology Tbilisi , the By total number of registered HIV/AIDS cases in Georgia were 3859 (June, 2013). HIV belongs to a special class of viruses called retroviruses (RNA contained). Within this class, HIV is placed in the subgroup of lentiviruses. AIDS was first recognized as a new and distinct clinical entity in 1981 in USA. There are two types of HIV: HIV -1 and HIV-2, which is less easily transmitted and the period between initial infection and illness is longer in the case of HIV – 2. Main goal of teh research: to establish the compare effectiveness and benefits of HIV Ag/Ab and Ab detection by rapid tests and ELISA methods in HIV/AIDS early diagnostic and treatment. Research materials and methods: In our days, there is used the screening and confirmation methodes for laboratory diagnostic of AIDS/HIV infection. The duration of the rapid tests is 15-20 minutes. They are very often used. The reason of this fact is the comfort of using of rapid tests and their adequate price. AS a screening tests ELISA and rapid tests are used. The Western Blot is used as a confirmation methods. Resultes: In this year, at the center of Infectious Disease, AIDS & Clinical Immunology Tbilisi was laboratry examinated 317 patients. 7 of them was diagnosed as a HIV infected, but none of them had Ab against HIV. All of them had a “Windows period” and they were detected before seroconversion. Conclusion: HIV Ag/Ab detection tests are preferable than Ab detection tests in cases of early infection before seroconversion. Ag/Ab detection test is the best way for the timely detection and prevention of the spread of HIV infection.

Lecture files:

ანტიგენ/ანტისხეულისა და ანტისხეულების აღმომჩენი ტესტების შედარება აივ ინფექციის ლაბორატორიულ დიაგნოსტიკაში [ka]