The modification of chromatin of old individuals by peptide bioregulators

Author: Maia Gaiozishvili
Keywords: Aging, bioregulators, heterochromatinization
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In ageing process, which is followed by aging-related diseases, the most important process is the rehabilitation of regulatory-adaptive capacities of age-related pathologies with new synthetic chemicals - short peptide Bioregulators, which biological activity is high, compared to their natural analogue. The peptide Bioregulators have the ability to restore the functional disturbances, to slow down the development of pathological processes, while maintaining the normal structural and functional homeostasis of the cell populations (Khavinson et al., 2012). The modification of Chromatin - Heterochromatinization, which progressively increases by aging, (Lezhava, 2006), leads inactivation of structural genes (which were in the past actively functioning). We have investigated the effect of peptide Bioregulators - Bronchogen (Ala-Asp-Glu-Leu) and Cortagen (Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro) on the functional characteristics of chromosomes: 1. The structural disturbances of chromosomes; 2. The activation level of ribosomal genes; 3. The variation of chromosomes heterochromatin regions (defined by the method of differential scanning microcalorimetry); 4. Variability of structural Heterochromatin (by c-bending method); 5. The variation of facultative heterochromatin level in condensed euchromatin regions (by the method of sister chromatid exchanges) in cultured lymphocytes from old individuals (75-88 old). Based on the results, we can conclude that the studied peptide Bioregulators - Bronchogen (Ala-Asp-Glu-Leu) and Cortagen (Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro) cause: reduction of frequency od chromosomal aberrations and aneuploidy; deheterochromatinization (decondensation) of general, facultative and ribosomal heterochromatin. The obtained results indicate the expediency to use the studied Bioregulators in geriatric practice, such as drugs.